Types of forest in nigeria pdf file

Practice of agriculture and other none forestry uses in forest reserves often generates conflict owing to the formers incompatibility with the latter. Different types of forests geography for kids mocomi. Welcome on board buddies, we will quickly be looking at the names and types of forest found in nigeria and some interesting thing you need to know about these forests. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in. Seasonal or monsoon forest monsoon forests are tropical moist or seasonal rainforests found primarily in asia indiasri lanka to china, west and east africa, northern australia, and eastern brazil. The forest consists of a mixture of open woodland and sections of very dense vegetation of short trees about two metres high and thorny. This can similarly be said of other amphibians like the spotted salamander as well as many other animals.

Types of forests tropical rainforests hugely dense, lush forest with canopies preventing sunlight from getting to the floor of the forest. Chapters 2 to 4 cover the detailed description of the dry forest vegetation types in subsaharan africa in terms of their characteristics, floristic diversity and. Mar 21, 2020 nigeria, country located on the western coast of africa. Between 1990 and 2010, nigeria lost an average of 409,650 ha or 2. Amusa4 abstract although urbanization may be increasing globally, over 75. Three communities surrounding each forest reserve at a radius of about 5 km were randomly selected and 20. A preliminary assessment of the context for redd in nigeria. Forest in nigeria plays a much wider role in the overall balance of issues affecting the country than. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. The data collected from the state department of forestrys official records, annual reports and files were on the species, volume and number of. Sample plots of 100 by 100 m 2 were demarcated in each of the selected sites, and were subdivided into smaller unit of 25m by 25m, out of which five temporary sample plots were randomly.

Charcoal production, marketing, and use compiled by the forest products laboratory1 introduction charcoal is produced by heating wood in airtight ovens or retorts, in chambers with various gases,or in kilns supplied with limited and controlled amounts of air. Another important land cover change in ghana is the degradation of forest. The forest floor supports mosses, ferns and wildflowers and the understory is a variety of shrubs. Twenty percent of the worlds total known species of butterflies reside in. The swamp forest is found along the coastal and deltaic regions of nigeria. Most of the vegetation is typical of the sudanian savanna although, because of human activity, some parts have become more like the sahel savanna. National forest reference emission level frel for the.

Role of forest inventory in sustainable forest management. Pdf forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody. This system breeds mass poverty and deprivation, social unrest and political instability like the types nigeria is facing todayuprising of boko haram, ethnic militia, armed robberies, and kidnappings, among others. Rate of timber production in a tropical rainforest ecosystem of.

Sharing its name with the state, cross river also was established in 1991 and has the highest tropical biodiversity in africa. Evergreen forests are usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 c to 30 c. Apr 08, 2010 this is about 10% of nigeriaas forest land area and well below faoas recommended national minimum of 25%. Pdf tree species composition in selected sacred forests in. Idanre and oluwa forest reserves in the state were purposively selected for the study. Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises. The specific objectives were to map the forest cover types of fgr in 1985, 1998.

Recent data from matt hansen and global forest watch suggest that deforestation is rising in nigeria table 2 nigeria, along with onehalf of the worlds countries has portions or all of their. Land use, land cover, and trends in nigeria west africa. Nigeria forest information and data according to the u. Thus, for the existence of the tiger salamander, both wetlands and uplands are important and essential. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. Southern nigeria this west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna. Department of forestry and wildlife, faculty of agriculture, university of benin, benin city, nigeria. Over the years, there has being deliberation over the way forest are becoming residential area and bushes are fast becoming roads and hospital all because. Local peoples perception of forest resources conservation in ekiti state, nigeria 4 two types of forest reserves. Study area this study was carried out in ondo state, which is one of the states in the defunct western state of nigeria. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem.

Nigeria borders niger in the north, chad in the northeast, cameroon in the east, and benin in the west. Read the article to study the types of forests you can find in nigeria, their location and resources. Forests are storehouses of a large variety of life forms such as plants, mammals, birds, insects and reptiles etc. The federal republic of nigeria welcomes the invitation to submit a forest reference emission levels frel on a voluntary basis as expressed in decision 12cp.

The continued and sustained levels of round wood consumption in nigeria is indeed a threat to the forest estate and a source of deforestation. Land use, land cover, and trends in ghana west africa. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. Fao corporate document repository edited by john bruce. Nigeria abstract this paper sets out to explore the effectiveness of forest conservation laws in nigeria.

The need to conserve representative samples of natural vegetation was recognized in nigeria over thirty years ago. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election. The freshwater swamp forest forms a wide belt inland after the mangrove and coastal. These natural resources include, air, wa ter, soil, minerals, along with the climate and. Sustainable consumption and production of forest products1. Depending upon the availability of suitable blocks of uncultivated lands and the goodwill of the people, the forest estate has been constituted in all types of vegetation. Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including yoruba, igbo, fula, hausa, edo, ibibio, tiv, and english. Diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species as. Land use decree, forest administration and governance. Types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. Before 1950 only two conservation areas had been laid down but at present there are seven in operation. Hightemperature heating by all methods breaks down the. The report is not a policy document, but rather an informative and analytical.

Forest carbon management offers potential for some immediate financial benefits. This frel submission is in the context of resultsbased payments for the implementation of reducing. The evolution of the different vegetation classes in nigeria from 1953 to 1995 formecu, 1997 adapted from keay. They are a feature of deciduous forests, in a region with four distinct seasons and a diversity of deciduous trees like maples, oaks, birch and beech. Pdf forestry for sustainable development in nigeria. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. Department of forestry technology, audu bako college of agriculture, dambatta kano state nigeria dawaki, s. This pdf file was adapted from an online training module of the epas. Forest resources assessment country report series is designed to document. Forests exist in dry, wet, bitterly cold, and swelteringly hot climates.

Generally, there are two types of forests in nigeria, namely the tropical rain forest in the south and the savanna of the northern twothirds area of the country. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest. Under the pressures of a rapidly growing population and economy, forests, gallery forests and woodlands, in addition to the savanna land cover types, were all being diminished, with loss rates increasing to over 2 percent per year during the 200020 period. Many of these management actions also contribute to climate change mitigation through reducing emissions from forests, conserving forest carbon or enhancing forest carbon sinks. An evergreen forest is a forest consisting entirely or mainly of evergreen trees that retain green foliage all year round. However, nigerias most diverse feature is its people.

Analysis of factors instigating land use conflicts in. The closed forest includes mangrove and coastal forest 22%, fresh water swamp 38% and lowland wet forest 40%. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. The sambisa forest is one of the few forests in north eastern nigeria where sparse vegetation is the norm. In addition, some state governments are removing the protected status from forest estates without regard for the environment. Also the forests have abundant microorganisms and fungi, which do. The number and types of organisms that an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available food sources and on environmental factors, such as the amount of available sunlight, water, and the temperature. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. Pdf a general classification of agroforestry practice. Therefore, the focus of this research work is to assess the diversity and abundance of arthropods and tree species in different forest ecosystems mangrove, rainforest, and derived savannah of ondo state.

This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. Charcoal production, marketing, and use usda forest service. Nigeria under umaru musa yaradua and goodluck jonathan. Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in falgore. Department of forest production and products, college of forestry and fisheries, federal university of agriculture makurdinigeria. The four forest reserves represent 40% of the total number of the forest reserves and cover a land mass area of 99. The forest revenue system and government expenditure on forestry in nigeria ix executive summary the first forest charges were introduced into nigeria during the colonial era, when a variety of charges were introduced with the aim of discouraging farmers from destroying trees as part of their shifting cultivation activities. Nigerias forests can be divided into two principal categories. For plants, another important factor is soil composition. The forest class represented primarily by ghanas dense evergreen rain forest and moist deciduous forest shows a small decline in area from about 16,400 sq km in 1975 to 15,500 sq km in 2000, a reduction of 5 percent. The need to identify the factors that triggers this conflict is germane to sustainable forest resources management. The problems of deforestation in nigerias national parks and forest.

Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises in nigeria shittu r. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. Nigeria s forests can be divided into two principal categories. Part i consists of the 75 similes that appeared in the first volume of a tree in a forest, and part ii consists of the 108 similes that appeared in the second volume. Human population densities everywhere are extremely high, and little or no natural vegetation remains in most areas. The largest rain forest in nigeria and the oldest surviving one in africa is located in cross river national park. Each new language edition has been divided into two parts. Forests impact on our daily lives, even in the midst of a busy, noisy, concrete city. Raw materials research and development council, plot 17, agiuyi ironsi street maitama, abuja phone.

A general classification of agroforestry practice article pdf available in agroforestry systems 462. Nigeria has the highest deforestation rate in the world. Nigeria has a diverse geography, with climates ranging from arid to humid equatorial. List of participants at the validation of the draft frel and draft nfms documents. List of participants at the validation of the draft frel and draft nfms documents 31. Disadvantages of snail farming climate without expensive artificial means of climate control, snail farming is restricted to the humid tropical forest zone, which offers a constant temperature, high relative humidity, preferably no dry season, and a fairly constant daynight rhythm throughout the. Land, forest administration, governance crises summary the common thread to forest administration and landuse decree is the conferment of ownership and power of distribution of forest and land on one person, the king or the state. Forest area decreased by 45 percent from 1975 to 20. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast. Congressional research service 1 introduction today the federal government owns and manages roughly 640 million acres of land in the united states, or roughly 28% of the 2. The eastern united states and canada are wellknown for gorgeous autumn colors. Types of forest found in nigeria and name information. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma j.

A vital storehouse of biodiversity, sustaining millions of different animals, birds, algae and fish species. Natural resources forests introduction a forest is a complex ecosystem which is predominantly composed of trees, shrubs and is usually a closed canopy. Carbon flow pattern in the forest zones of nigeria as influenced by. With the current rate, according to food and agricultural organization of united nations fao, the forest will disappear by 2020. Moreover, each category is a unique ecosystem with its peculiar rules, wildlife, and huge natural potential. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Mapping the extent and condition of forest cover and measuring the drivers of forest change in the period 19722002 phil shearman. In this type of forest there is a distinct cooler dry season and a distinct wet season. Thus, this paper report findings on various factors instigating land use conflicts in the high forest zone of ondo state, nigeria. For instance, forest ecosystems provide the materials for construction, medicines, food, forage, energy, and environmental services, income, etc. Nigeria is well endowed with forest resources but the excessive exploitation of these forest resources is a source of concern and threat to the economic, social and environmental importance. Temperate deciduous forests grow in 3060 inches of rain per year. There are three types of forests that are explained briefly below.

This study was carried out to assess the abundance and diversity of tree species and arthropods in different forest vegetation types mangrove, rainforest and derived savannah of ondo state, nigeria. Nov 20, 2017 forests cover of the earths surface and contain an estimated 3 trillion trees. Pdf eight sacred forests spread across two states akwa ibom and cross river occupying the rain forest zone in nigeria were studied to ascertain. Pages in category forest reserves of nigeria the following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. Decentralization is the means to allow for the participation of people and local governments morell.